ERK1/2
The ERKs (MAPK p42/p44) are the prototypic MAPKs and are activated by a variety of mitogenic stimuli as well as differentiation signals. MAPK activation largely requires Ras activation. In Drosophila, the ERK homologue is encoded by the Rolled locus (an activated allele) which has been placed downstream of Ras in the sevenless receptor kinase pathway.
ERKs are inactivated by dephosphorylation by specific protein phosphatases such as MKP1 (CL100) and PAC1. Downstream substrates include Elk1, phospholipase A2 and p90Rsk1.
ERK2 is the only enzyme in the family to have its x-ray structure solved.
Erk1/2 in Different Species
Proteins phosphorylated by Erk1/2
C/EBPalpha -Ser21(inhibition);PMID: 14701740
C/EBPbeta -Thr235(activation);PMID: 20015877
c-Jun - Ser63, Ser73(activation);PMID: 12881422
Elk1 - Ser383, Ser389(activation);PMID: 8262053
Estrogen receptor alpha - Ser104, Ser106 (activation)PMID: 18372406- Ser118 (activation);PMID: 7491495
RGS19 - Ser151(activation)PMID: 10993892
HSF-1 - Ser307(activation)PMID: 8940068
MAPKAPK2 - Ser9, Thr25, Thr222, Ser272, Thr334,Thr338(activation) PMID: 8846784
MBP - Thr94, Thr97(ativation;PMID: 1699809
MEK1 - Thr292 and Thr386(feedback); PMID: 10567369
EIF4EBP1 - Ser264(ativation);PMID: 8083223-Ser209 PMID: 12890645
p90 RSK - Ser363, Thr573(activation);PMID: 10411321
STAT5a -Ser780 (activation);PMID: 10194762
Tyrosine hydroxylase - Ser31(activation);PMID: 1347949
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase - Ser664(activation);PMID: 12205041
AEBP1 - Thr623(activation);PMID: 15654748
RUNX1 - Ser249, Ser266 (activation);PMID: 8668214
RSPH3 - Thr286(activation);PMID: 19684019
GRAF - Ser510(activation);PMID: 9525907
GEF-H1 - Thr678(activation);PMID: 18211802
Beta-arrestin-1 - Ser412(activation);PMID: 10347142
ATF-2 - Thr71(activation);PMID: 12110590
Erk1/2 Reviews
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Structure of ERK1 & ERK2
Here you can find a lots of Structure of ERK1 & ERK2 Reviews information Structure of ERK1 & ERK2
Protocols
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